Functional Films in New Energy Batteries

Electrode Materials

Functional films play a critical role in the production of electrodes for new energy batteries. In the manufacturing of lithium-ion battery electrodes, functional films are used as temporary substrates for coating processes. These films ensure that active materials such as graphite and lithium iron phosphate are evenly distributed and efficiently transferred to the electrode surface. This process not only enhances the uniformity of the electrode but also improves the overall performance and consistency of the battery.

Battery Separators

Battery separators are essential components in new energy batteries, particularly in lithium-ion batteries. They are responsible for physically separating the anode and cathode to prevent short circuits while allowing lithium ions to pass through. According to industry reports, separators account for approximately 4% of the total cost of a lithium-ion battery. The primary materials used for separators are polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which offer excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability, and thermal stability.
The trend towards thinner separators is driven by the need to increase battery energy density. For example, wet-process separators can achieve thicknesses as low as 5-7 micrometers, which is beneficial for high-energy-density batteries. However, thinner separators can pose safety risks, especially in high-nickel-content batteries. To address this, coated separators have been developed. These separators feature ceramic or polymer coatings that enhance their puncture strength and thermal stability. Coated separators can withstand temperatures up to 400°C, significantly improving battery safety.

Flame-Retardant Side Panel Films

Flame-retardant films are used in the side panels of new energy batteries to enhance safety. These films are designed to prevent the spread of fire and reduce the risk of thermal runaway. They are particularly important in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, where safety is a top priority. Flame-retardant films are made from materials that can withstand high temperatures and resist combustion, ensuring that the battery remains stable even under extreme conditions.

High-Temperature Insulation Films

High-temperature insulation films are crucial for protecting battery components from thermal damage. These films are used in various parts of the battery, including the casing and internal components, to maintain thermal stability. They are often made from materials such as polyimide, which can withstand high temperatures and provide excellent insulation properties. This helps to prevent overheating and ensures that the battery operates efficiently and safely.

Battery Enclosure Insulation Tapes

Battery enclosure insulation tapes are used to provide electrical insulation and mechanical protection to the battery casing. These tapes are essential for preventing short circuits and ensuring the overall integrity of the battery. They are made from materials that offer high dielectric strength and thermal resistance, making them suitable for use in high-voltage and high-temperature environments.

Aluminum-Plastic Composite Films

Aluminum-plastic composite films are widely used in the packaging of new energy batteries, particularly in soft-pack batteries. These films consist of multiple layers, including nylon, aluminum foil, and heat-sealable layers, which provide excellent barrier properties against moisture and oxygen. The use of aluminum-plastic composite films helps to extend the life of the battery by protecting it from environmental factors. Additionally, these films are lightweight and flexible, making them ideal for various battery designs.

Solid Electrolyte Membranes

Solid electrolyte membranes are a key component in the development of next-generation batteries, such as solid-state batteries. These membranes provide a safer and more efficient alternative to traditional liquid electrolytes. They are designed to prevent dendrite formation, which can cause short circuits and reduce battery life. Solid electrolyte membranes are made from materials such as ceramic or polymer composites, which offer high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. This technology is crucial for the advancement of high-energy-density batteries for applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage.